Thermal abuse test chambers are primarily used to simulate thermal runaway phenomena in batteries under extreme conditions such as high temperature, overcharge, and short circuit to evaluate battery safety performance.
FAQ1：What are the application scenarios for thermal abuse test chambers?
Thermal Abuse Chambers are mainly used for furnace heating tests and heating tests in battery safety performance testing. By simulating the working state of batteries under extreme conditions such as high temperature, overcharge, and short circuit, the thermal runaway process of the battery can be observed directly, including rapid temperature rise, gas release, electrolyte leakage, and even combustion and explosion phenomena. This information is of great significance for a deeper understanding of the mechanism of battery thermal runaway, evaluating battery safety performance, and optimizing battery design.
FAQ2：What is the working principle of a thermal abuse test chamber?
1. Heating System: The thermal abuse test chamber uses high-efficiency heating elements, such as resistance wires or ceramic heaters, to rapidly and uniformly raise the temperature inside the test chamber to a preset value, simulating the battery's operating state under high-temperature conditions. This system ensures the accuracy and repeatability of test conditions.
2. Temperature Control System: Through precise temperature sensors and advanced control algorithms, the temperature inside the test chamber is precisely controlled and maintained stably. This system ensures the accuracy and reliability of test results, providing researchers with strong data support.
3. Safety Protection System: Includes multiple mechanisms such as over-temperature protection, over-current protection, and short-circuit protection, ensuring that in the event of an abnormality during the test, the power supply can be immediately cut off to prevent the accident from escalating. This system provides a solid guarantee for the safe conduct of the test.
4. Data Acquisition and Monitoring System: Records and displays key parameters such as temperature, voltage, and current in real time during the test, while also supporting data storage and analysis. This system provides researchers with detailed test data support, helping to deepen the understanding of the mechanism of battery thermal runaway and evaluate battery safety performance.
5. Test Chamber: Made of high-temperature and corrosion-resistant materials, it has excellent sealing and insulation properties, ensuring the safety and stability of the test process. This design guarantees the stability and controllability of the test environment.
FAQ3：What are the core functions of a battery thermal abuse test chamber?
A battery thermal abuse test chamber simulates the reaction of batteries under extreme conditions such as overheating, overcharging, and short circuits by precisely controlling a high-temperature environment. Its core functions include:
Thermal Stability Testing
Heating to the target temperature (e.g., 130℃±2℃ for lithium-ion batteries, 85℃±2℃ for nickel-metal hydride batteries) at a rate of 5℃/min and maintaining this temperature (30 minutes for lithium-ion batteries, 2 hours for nickel-metal hydride batteries) and observing whether the battery exhibits thermal runaway, fire, or explosion.
For example, if a lithium-ion battery does not burn after being held at 130℃ for 30 minutes, its thermal stability meets the standard.
Safety Performance Assessment
Testing parameters such as temperature changes and gas emissions at high temperatures to evaluate its fire resistance. For example, recording the battery's combustion time and flame spread range to determine whether it meets certification standards such as UL, CB, and CQC.
Simulating battery stability under low-temperature environments and rapid temperature changes to ensure safety across the entire temperature range.
Performance Parameter Testing
Battery parameters such as capacity, cycle life, and internal resistance are tested under different temperature, humidity, and pressure conditions to provide data support for design optimization. For example, a certain battery showed a capacity decay rate of less than 5% after being stored at 85℃ for 7 days, demonstrating its excellent high-temperature performance.
FAQ4：How to Select a Thermal Abuse Test Chamber
Core Parameter Selection
Temperature Range: Select according to testing requirements (e.g., RT+10℃～200℃ for lithium-ion batteries, RT+10℃～250℃ for power batteries).
Inner Chamber Dimensions: It is recommended to allow 20% extra space for material placement; for example, choose a model with a capacity of 800L or higher for batch testing.
Heating Rate: Prioritize models with a heating rate of 5℃/min (average throughout) to shorten the testing cycle.
Key System Evaluation
Heating System: Honeycomb stainless steel heating elements have a lifespan of over 10.000 hours, resulting in low maintenance costs.
Circulating Air Duct: Archimedes spiral design ensures temperature uniformity and avoids localized overheating.
Control System: PLC touchscreen supports data recording and process traceability, complying with ISO 9001 quality management system requirements.
Safety and Maintenance Design
Over-Temperature Protection: Bimetallic strip + electronic dual protection; automatic power-off in case of over-temperature.
Exhaust System: Forced exhaust device prevents the accumulation of harmful gases, protecting operator health.
FAQ5：What testing standards should a thermal abuse test chamber meet?
1. GB/T 18287-2013 General Specification for Lithium-ion Batteries and Battery Packs for Mobile Phones, Section 5.3.5.3 Thermal Abuse, stipulates that the battery is placed in a thermal chamber, and the temperature is increased to 130℃±2℃ at a rate of (5℃±2℃)/min and held at that temperature for 30 min. After the test, the battery should meet the requirements of 4.5.2.
2. GB 31241-2014 Safety Requirements for Lithium-ion Batteries and Battery Packs for Portable Electronic Products, Section 7.8 Thermal Abuse, stipulates that after the battery is fully charged according to the test method specified in 4.5.1. it should be placed in the test chamber. 3. The test chamber is heated at a rate of 5 ± 2℃/min, and held at 130℃ ± 2℃ for 30 min.
4. GB/T 8897.4-2008 Primary Cells – Part 4: Safety Requirements for Lithium Batteries, under “Inspection K: Thermal Abuse,” specifies that the test battery is placed in an oven and heated to 130℃ at a rate of 5℃/min, and held at this temperature for 10 min.
5. YD/T 2344.1-2011 Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Packs for Communication Use – Part 1: Integrated Batteries, under “6.9.3 Thermal Shock Resistance,” specifies that the battery is placed in a high-temperature chamber, and the temperature of the high-temperature chamber is increased to 130℃ ± 2℃ at a rate of (5℃ ± 2℃)/min, and held for 30 min. The battery pack should meet the requirements of section 5.7.2.
FAQ6：How should the heating test in a thermal abuse test chamber be conducted?
1. Relevant Standard Test Requirements
Single Cell Safety Test
The heating test shall be conducted as follows:
Charge a single cell according to method 6.1.3. Place the single cell in the constant temperature chamber.
For lithium-ion batteries, raise the temperature chamber from room temperature to 2℃±5℃ at a rate of 130℃/min, maintain this temperature for 30 minutes, and then stop heating.
For nickel-metal cyanide batteries, raise the temperature chamber from room temperature to 2℃±5℃ at a rate of 85℃/min, maintain this temperature for 2 hours, and then stop heating.
Observe for 1 hour.
2. Battery Module Safety Test
Charge the battery module according to method 6.1.4.
For lithium-ion batteries, raise the temperature chamber from room temperature to 2℃±5℃ at a rate of 130℃/min, maintain this temperature for 30 minutes, and then stop heating.
For nickel-metal cyanide batteries, the constant temperature chamber was heated to 2℃±5℃ at a rate of 85℃/min from room temperature, and maintained at this temperature for 2 hours before heating was stopped.
Observe for 1 hour.
The thermal abuse test chamber, as a key piece of equipment for ensuring battery safety performance testing, plays an indispensable role in battery research and development, production, and quality inspection. From its diverse application scenarios, rigorous working principles, and core functional characteristics, to key considerations when purchasing, compliant testing standards, and specific heating test procedures, every aspect is closely related to the accurate assessment and effective improvement of battery safety performance. A thorough understanding and proper use of thermal abuse test chambers helps drive the battery industry towards a safer and more reliable direction, providing solid safety guarantees for various battery application scenarios.
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